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0.1.Beginnings of the Internet

🕰️ The Beginning:

The idea of the web and web applications (Web Apps) began at the moment the Internet was born.

📡 The 1960s – Year 1965:

This year witnessed the first data transfer between two computers, known as the Packet Switching Network — a method of transmitting data between computers by dividing it into thousands of small pieces called Packets.

Each packet contains:

  • Source IP Address → The sender’s address

  • Destination IP Address → The receiver’s address

  • Data → The actual information being sent

These packets are sent from the first device to the second, where they are reassembled to recreate the original data.

💡 Fun Fact:\ The first message ever sent over the Internet was supposed to be the word “LOGIN”,\ but the system crashed after the third letter — so the first Internet message in history was just “LO” 😄

🌍 How Do Devices Connect to Each Other?

In the beginning, devices used manual lists of other device addresses,\ and each computer worked differently, making communication extremely difficult.

But in 1974, a solution appeared with the introduction of TCP/IP 💡

⚙️ What Is TCP/IP?

  • TCP (Transmission Control Protocol):\ Responsible for ensuring that data is sent in a standardized and organized way between devices.

  • IP (Internet Protocol):\ Responsible for assigning unique addresses to devices (IP Addresses).

This made it possible for every device to have its own unique address and a clear communication method — and from here, the term Internet = Network of Networks 🌐 was born.

🔠 1983 – The Birth of DNS

As the Internet expanded, it became difficult to remember IP addresses manually,\ so the DNS (Domain Name System) was created.

The DNS simply converts device addresses into easy-to-remember names.

For example, instead of typing:

142.251.37.238

You can now type:

google.com

  • .com → Top-Level Domain

  • google → Second-Level Domain

💻 The Emergence of Web Concepts:

Shortly after, new terms appeared such as:

  • HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)

  • URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

  • HTML (HyperText Markup Language)

🌍 1991 – Web 1.0

The first static website was created in this year.\ It was very simple, consisting only of text.\ This marked the beginning of Web 1.0.

🔹 What Is a Static Website?\ - A fixed website that always shows the same content to every user and doesn’t allow interaction.

🔹 What Is a Dynamic Website?\ A website whose content changes depending on the user or event.\ It relies on databases and server-side programming.

🚀 2004 – The Rise of Web 2.0

In this year, the second generation of the web — Web 2.0 — emerged,\ representing a major shift where users could:

  • Create content (User-Generated Content)

  • Interact and share through social networks

  • Use more interactive and responsive web applications